Profile

Luigi Vesce received M. Eng. (cum laude) and Ph.D. degrees in Telecommunications Engineering and Microelectronics from the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” in 2006 and 2011, respectively. In 2015 he obtained the Quality Manager and Auditor certification from URS
2006: Research Fellow with the Institute for Telecommunications-University of Aveiro (Portugal)
2006-2007: Telecommunication Design Engineer with Telind
From 2007: member of Engineers order of Rome and joined with the Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy (CHOSE)-University of Rome "Tor Vergata"
2009-2013: Engineering collaborator with Dyers
2010-2013: Senior Researcher with Dyepower Consortium
2014-2015: Team Manager with Dyepower Consortium
2016-2019: Engineering collaborator with Ingem
2016-2019: Post-doc Researcher with CHOSE, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”
2020: Scientific Consultant with G+Lyte, Amiens, France
From 2019: Researcher with CHOSE, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”. Lecturer in Nanoelectronics for the Master Degree in Electronic Engineering

From 2024: Lecturer in Informatics for the Master Degree in Veterinary Medicine

He is involved in national and international PV-related projects, author of several contributions for international journals and conferences and committee member/chairman of conferences about renewable energies.

Research Activity

Luigi Vesce is involved in research, development and pilot line production of third generation photovoltaic materials and devices
2005-2006: Investigation on the design, optimization, simulation and demonstration of an all-optical network and packet switch at high data rate (40 Gbit/s)
From 2007: Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSC) technology. Development of materials formulation, deposition and sintering. Photoelectrodes treatments and performance improving strategy. Assembly process. Realization of educational kit
From 2010: Upscaling of DSC technology to stable large area module and panels for BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) and indoor application. Pilot line development.
From 2016: Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC) technology. Upscaling to stable large area modules and processes/materials development

His research activity deals with the discovery, development, and fabrication by coating/printing techniques, and scaling-up of efficient and stable dye sensitized and perovskite solar technologies for outdoor and indoor applications.

Publications

L. Vesce, A. Teixeira, G. M. Tosi Beleffi, R. Nogueira, P. Andrè, Characterization of a FBGs based coder/decoder for an optical code division multiple access system, Symposium on Enabling Optical Networks and Sensors (SEON) Proceedings 2006, pp. 69-70, Porto (Portugal)

G. Mincuzzi, L. Vesce, A. Reale, A. Di Carlo, T. M. Brown, Efficient sintering of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide films for dye solar cells via raster scanning laser, Applied Physics Letters 2009, vol. 95, pp. 1033121-1033123, doi: 10.1063/1.3222915

G. Mincuzzi, L. Vesce, R. Riccitelli, A. Reale, A. Di Carlo, T. M. Brown, Laser sintering of photoelectrode layers for dye solar cell technology, European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) and European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC) Proceedings, IEEE CNF 2009, Munich (Germany), 1 p., doi: 10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192160

L. Dominici, L. Vesce, D. Colonna, F. Michelotti, T. M. Brown, A. Reale, A. Di Carlo, Angular and prism coupling refractive enhancement in dye solar cells, Applied Physics Letters 2010, vol. 96, pp. 1033021-1033023, doi: 10.1063/1.3328097

L. Vesce, R. Riccitelli, G. Soscia, T. M. Brown, A. Di Carlo, A. Reale, Optimization of nanostructured titania photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells: study and experimentation of TiCl4 treatment, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 2010, vol. 356, pp. 1958-1961, doi: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.05.070

G. Mincuzzi, L. Vesce, M. Liberatore, A. Reale, A. Di Carlo, T. M. Brown, Laser-sintered TiO2 films for dye solar cell fabrication: an electrical, morphological and electron lifetime investigation, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 2011, vol. 58, pp. 3179-3188, doi: 10.1109/TED.2011.2160643

L. Vesce, R. Riccitelli, Processing and characterization of a TiO2 paste based on small particles size powder for dye-sensitized solar cell semi-transparent photo-electrodes, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 2012, vol. 20, pp. 960-966, doi: 10.1002/pip.1166

D. Gentilini, A. Gagliardi, M. Auf der Maur, L. Vesce, D. D'Ercole, T. Brown, A. Reale, A. Di Carlo, Correlation between cell performances and physical transport parameters in dye solar cells, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2012, vol. 116 (1), pp. 1151-1157, doi: 10.1021/jp205697t

F. Giordano, A. Guidobaldi, E. Petrolati, L. Vesce, R. Riccitelli, A. Reale, T. M. Brown, A. Di Carlo, Realization of high performance large area Z-series-interconnected opaque dye solar cell modules, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 2012, vol. 21, pp. 1653-1658, doi: 10.1002/pip.2228

D. M. Minic, L. Vesce, D. G. Minic, A. Di Carlo, V. A. Blagojevic, Effect of deposition of Vanadium Oxide nanolayer on performance of TiO2 dye-sensitized solar cell electrode, Physical Chemistry 2012 Proceedings, pp. 324-326, Belgrade (Serbia)

G. Mincuzzi, M. Schulz-Ruhtenberg, L. Vesce, A. Reale, A. Di Carlo, A. Gillner, T. M. Brown, Laser processing of TiO2 films for dye solar cells: a thermal, sintering, throughput and embodied energy investigation, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 2014, vol. 22, pp. 308-317, doi: 10.1002/pip.2261

G. Mincuzzi, V. Zardetto, L. Vesce, M. Shulz-Ruhtenberg, A. Gillner, A. Reale, A. Di Carlo, T. M. Brown, Raster scanning laser and UV processing of nanocrystalline TiO2 films for sintering in dye solar cells: device performance, throughput and embodied energy, Materials Research Society (MRS) Symposium Proceedings 2012, vol. 1447, 6 pp., San Francisco (USA), doi: 10.1557/opl.2012.1092

L. Vesce, R. Riccitelli, G. Mincuzzi, A. Orabona, G. Soscia, T. M. Brown, A. Di Carlo, A. Reale, Fabrication of spacer and catalytic layers in monolithic dye-sensitized solar cells, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 2013, vol. 3 (3), pp. 1004-1011, doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2013.2262374

V. Zardetto, G. De Angelis, L. Vesce, V. Caratto, C. Mazzuca, J. Gasiorowski, A. Reale, A. Di Carlo, T. M. Brown, Formulations and processing of nanocrystalline TiO2 films for plastic, metal and glass dye solar cell applications, Nanotechnology 2013, vol. 24 (25), 255401 (9 pp.), doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/25/255401

G. Mincuzzi, L. Vesce, M. Schulz-Ruhtenberg, E. Gehlen, A. Reale, A. Di Carlo, T. M. Brown, Taking temperature processing out of dye-sensitized solar cell fabrication: fully laser-manufactured devices, Advanced Energy Materials 2014, vol. 4, issue 14, 1400421 (8 pp.), doi: 10.1002/aenm.201400421

P. Mariani, L. Vesce, A. Di Carlo, The role of printing techniques for large-area dye sensitized solar cells, Semiconductor Science and Technology 2015, vol. 30, 104003 (16pp), doi: 10.1088/0268-1242/30/10/104003

S. Castro-Hermosa, S. K. Yadav, L. Vesce, A. Guidobaldi, A. Reale, A. Di Carlo, T. M. Brown, Stability issues pertaining large area perovskite and dye-sensitized solar cells and modules, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 2016, vol. 50, 033001 (31 pp), doi: 10.1088/1361-6463/50/3/033001

A. L. Palma, F. Matteocci, A. Agresti, S. Pescetelli, E. Calabrò, L. Vesce, S. Christiansen, M. Schmidt, A. Di Carlo, Laser-patterning engineering for Perovskite solar modules with 95% aperture ratio, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 2017, vol. 7 (6), pp. 1674-1680, doi: 101109/JPHOTOV.2017.2732223

G. Calogero, J. Barichello, I. Citro, P. Mariani, L. Vesce, A. Bartolotta, A. Di carlo, G. Di Marco, Photoelectrochemical and spectrophotometric studies on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) and stable modules (DSCMs) based on natural apocarotenoids pigments, Dyes and Pigments 2018, vol. 155, pp. 75-83, doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.03.021

E. Calabrò, F. Matteocci, A. L. Palma, L. Vesce, B. Taheri, L. Carlini, I. Pis, S. Nappini, J. Dagar, C. Battocchio, T. M. Brown, A. Di Carlo, Low temperature, solution-processed perovskite solar cells and modules with an aperture area efficiency of 11%, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2018, vol. 185, pp. 136-144, doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2018.05.001

L. Najafi, B. Taheri, B. Martin-Garcia, S. Bellani, D. Di Girolamo, A. Agresti, R. Oropesa-Nunez, S. Pescetelli, L. Vesce, E. Calabrò, M. Prato, A. E. Del Rio Castillo, A. Di Carlo, F. Bonaccorso, MoS2 Quantum Dot/Graphene Hybrids for Advanced Interface Engineering of a CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cell with an Efficiency of over 20%, ACS Nano 2018, vol. 12 (11), pp. 10736-10754, doi: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05514

P. Mariani, L. Vesce, A. Di Carlo, A Novel Class of Dye-Sensitized Solar Modules. Glass-Plastic Structure for Mechanically Stable Devices, 2018 IEEE 4th International Forum on Research and Technology for Society and Industry (RTSI) Proceedings, pp. 1-5, Palermo (Italy), doi: 10.1109/RTSI.2018.8548439

L. Vesce, A. Guidobaldi, P. Mariani, A. Di Carlo, M. L. Parisi, S. Maranghi, R. Basosi, Scaling-up of Dye Sensitized Solar Modules, in book World Scientific Reference of Hybrid Materials 2019, World Scientific, pp. 423-485, doi: 10.1142/9789813270541_0013

J. Barichello, L. Vesce, F. Matteocci, E. Lamanna, A. Di Carlo, The effect of water in Carbon-Perovskite Solar Cells with optimized alumina spacer, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2019, vol 197, pp. 76–83, doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2019.03.029

F. Matteocci, L. Vesce, F. U. Kosasi, L. A. Castriotta, S. Cacovich, A. L. Palma, G. Divitini, C. Ducati, A. Di Carlo, Fabrication and morphological characterization of high efficiency blade-coated perovskite solar modules, Applied Materials and Interfaces 2019, vol. 11, pp. 25195-25204, doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b05730

L. Vesce, M. Stefanelli, A. Di Carlo, Low temperature process of homogeneous and pin-hole free Perovskite layers for fully coated photovoltaic devices up to 256 cm² area at ambient condition, IEEE 2019 International Symposium on Advanced Electrical and Communication Technologies (ISAECT), pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/ISAECT47714.2019.9069678

M. L. Parisi, S. Maranghi, L.Vesce, A. Sinicropi, A. Di Carlo, R. Basosi, Prospective life cycle assessment of third generation photovoltaics at the pre-industrial scale: A long-term scenario approach, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2020, vol. 121, pp. 109703-109718, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.109703

A. Dessì, M. Calamante, A. Sinicropi, M. L. Parisi, L. Vesce, P. Mariani, B. Taheri, M. Ciocca, A. Di Carlo, L. Zani, A. Mordini, G. Reginato, Thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole-based organic sensitizers with improved spectral properties for application in greenhouse-integrated dye-sensitized solar cells, Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2020, pp. 1-14, doi: 10.1039/D0SE00124D

L. Vesce, M. Stefanelli, A. Di Carlo,Efficient, stable and low-cost hole transporting layer for Perovskite solar cells, IEEE 2020 International Symposium on Advanced Electrical and Communication Technologies (ISAECT), pp. 1-3, doi: 10.1109/ISAECT50560.2020.9523665

E. Calabrò, F. Matteocci, B. Paci, L. Cinà, L. Vesce, J. Barichello, A. Gerosi, A. Reale, A. Di Carlo, Easy strategy to enhance thermal stability of planar PSCs by Perovskite defect passivation and low-temperature carbon-based electrode, ACS Applied Materials Interfaces 2020, doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c05878

L. Vesce, M. Stefanelli, F. Matteocci, L.A. Castriotta, E. Lamanna, J. Herterich, F. Di Giacomo, M. Kohlstädt, U. Würfel, A. Di Carlo, Semi-transparent triple cation Perovskite solar module exceeding 8% efficiency for BIPV applications, IEEE AEIT International Annual Conference Proceedings 2020, doi: 10.23919/AEIT50178.2020.9241096

P. Mariani, A. Agresti, L. Vesce, S. Pescetelli, A.L. Palma, F. Tomarchio, P. Karagiannidis, A. Ferrari, A. Di Carlo, Graphene-based interconnects for stable dye-sensitized solar modules, ACS Applied Energy Materials 2021, doi: 10.1021/acsaem.0c01960

L.A. Castriotta, F. Matteocci, L. Vesce, et al., Air-processed infrared-annealed printed methylammonium-free perovskite solar cells and modules incorporating potassium-doped graphene oxide as an interlayer, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2021, doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c18920

L. Vesce, M. Stefanelli, J. Herterich, L.A. Castriotta, M. Kohlstadt, U. Wurfel, A. Di Carlo, Ambient Air Blade‐coating Fabrication of Stable Triple Cation Perovskite Solar Modules by Green Solvent Quenching, Solar RRL 2021, doi: 10.1002/solr.202100073

A. Di Carlo, N. Yaghoobi Nia, A. Agresti, S. Pescetelli, F. Matteocci, L. Vesce, L. A. Castriotta, On the Scaling of Perovskite Photovoltaics to Modules and Panels, IEEE Conference on Photovoltaic Specialists 2021, doi: 10.1109/PVSC43889.2021.9518393

A. Furasova, P. Voroshilov, M. Baranov, P. Tonkaev, A. Nikolaeva, K. Voronin, L. Vesce, S. Makarov, A. Di Carlo, Mie-resonant Mesoporous Electron Transporting Layer for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells, Nano Energy 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106484

L. Vesce, M. Stefanelli, A. Di Carlo, Efficient and Stable Perovskite Large Area Cells by Low-Cost Fluorene-Xantene-Based Hole Transporting Layer, Energies 2021, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196081

J. Barichello, L. Vesce, P. Mariani, E. Leonardi, R. Braglia, A. Di Carlo, A. Canini, A. Reale, Stable Semi-Transparent Dye-Sensitized Solar Modules and Panels for Greenhouse Application, Energies 2021, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196393

L. Vesce, M. Stefanelli, L. A. Castriotta, J. Herterich, M. Kohlstadt, U. Wurfel, Scalable manufacturing of multiple cation perovskite solar modules, 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC) 2021, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4229/EUPVSEC20212021-3CO.7.5

 J. Barichello, P. Mariani, F. Matteocci, L. Vesce, A. Reale, A. Di Carlo, M. Lenza, G. Di Marco, S. Polizzi, G. Calogero, The Golden Fig: A Plasmonic Effect Study of Organic-Based Solar Cells, Nanomaterials 2022, doi: 10.3390/nano12020267

L. Borella, L. Vesce, P. Mariani, J. Barichello, A. Di Carlo, N. Trivellin, A. Di Carlo, E. Sforza, Spectral Changes by Dye Sensitized Solar Modules Influence the Pigment Composition and Productivity of Arthrospira maxima and Increase the Overall Energy Efficiency, Advanced Sustainable Systems 2022, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202100346

L. Vesce, M. Stefanelli, L. A. Castriotta, A. Hadipour, A. Lammar, B. Yang, J. Suo, A. Hagfeldt, A. Di Carlo, Hysteresis‐free Planar Perovskite Solar Module with 19.1% Efficiency by Interfacial Defects Passivation, Solar RRL 2022, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/solr.202101095

L. Vesce, P. Mariani, M. Calamante, A. Dessì, A. Mordini, L. Zani, A. Di Carlo, Process Engineering of Semi‐transparent DSSC Modules and Panel Incorporating an Organic Sensitizer, Solar RRL, 2022, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/solr.202200403

L. A. Castriotta, R. Infantino, L. Vesce, M. Stefanelli, A. Dessì, C. Coppola, M. Calamante, G. Reginato, A. Mordini, A. Sinicropi, A. Di Carlo, L. Zani, Stable Methylammonium-Free p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells and Mini-Modules with Phenothiazine Dimers as Hole Transporting Materials, Energy & Environmental Materials, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.12455

E. Gatto, R. Lettieri, L. Vesce, M. Venanzi, Peptide Materials in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells, Energies, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155632

L. Vesce, M. Stefanelli, S. Razza, L.A. Castriotta, F. Di Giacomo, A. Di Carlo, 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) 2022, doi: 10.4229/WCPEC-82022-2BO.10.1

L. Vesce, Novel Materials and Processes for Photovoltaic Technology, Energies, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en16010425

M. Stefanelli, L. Vesce, A. Di Carlo, Upscaling of Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Module, Nanomaterials, 2023, doi: 10.3390/nano13020313

S.P. Feng, Y. Cheng, H.L. Yip, Y. Zhong, P.W.K. Fong, G. Li, A. Ng, C. Chen, L.A. Castriotta, F. Matteocci, L. Vesce, D. Saranin, A. Di Carlo, et al., Roadmap on Commercialization of Metal Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics, JPhys Materials 2023, doi: 10.1088/2515-7639/acc893

L. Vesce, M. Stefanelli, A. Di Carlo, Carbon-based Perovskite Solar Cell, Materials Proceedings, 2023,doi: 10.3390/IOCN2023-14539

L. Vesce, M. Stefanelli, H. Nikbakht, A. Di Carlo, Process Engineering for Low-Temperature Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Modules, Engineering Proceedings, 2023,doi: 10.3390/ECP2023-14721

M. Harth, L. Vesce, I. Kouroudis, M. Stefanelli, A. Di Carlo, A. Gagliardi, Optoelectronic perovskite film characterization via machine vision, Solar Energy 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2023.111840

L. Vesce, M. Stefanelli, F. Rossi, L. A. Castriotta, R. Basosi, L. Parisi, A. Sinicropi, A. Di Carlo, Perovskite solar cell technology scaling‐up: Eco‐efficient and industrially compatible sub‐module manufacturing by fully ambient air slot‐die/blade meniscus coating, Progress in Photovoltaics 2023, doi: 10.1002/pip.3741

F. D. Amico, B. de Jong, M. Bartolini, D. Franchi, A. Dessì, L. Zani, X. Yseiri, E. Gatto, A. Santucci, A. Di Carlo, G. Reginato, L. Cinà, L. Vesce, Recent advances in organic dyes for application in dye-sensitized solar cells under indoor lighting conditions, Materials 2023, doi: 10.3390/ma16237338

A. Reale, L. Vesce, A. Di Carlo, E. Mancini, S. Caramori, S. Carli, Printable Thermoelectric Device for Low Temperature Energy Harvesting, Proceedings of SIE 2023, doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-48711-8_9

J. Barichello, P. Mariani, L. Vesce, D. Spadaro, I. Citro, F. Matteocci, A. Bartolotta, A. Di Carlo, G. Calogero, Bifacial Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells for Indoor and Outdoor renewable energy-based application, Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2024, doi: 10.1039/D3TC03220E

M. J. Kipyator, F. Rossi, L. Vesce, A. Di Carlo, R. Basosi, M. L. Parisi, A. Sinicropi, Scenario-based recycling strategies for Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells. A harmonized Life Cycle Assessment study, Sustainable Energy and Fuels 2024, doi: 10.1039/D3SE01182H

L. A. Castriotta, M. Stefanelli, L. Vesce, E. Magliano, E. Leonardi, F. Di Giacomo, H. Nikbakht, L. Serenelli, L. Martini, F. Menchini, F. Matteocci, M. Tucci, A. Di Carlo. Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Submodule for 4T Tandem Devices: Industrial Engineering Route Toward Stable Devices, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 2024, doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2024.3377190

A. Bora, J. George, Y. Sivalingam, S. V. Jayaraman, G. Magna, M. S. R. N. Kiran, L. Vesce, R. Paolesse, C. Di Natale, Self-Powered Photodetectors with Nickel-Doped ZnO Nanorods for Operation in Low-Light Environments, ACS Applied Nano Materials 2024, doi: 10.1021/acsanm.4c00725

F. Rossi, L. Rotondi, M. Stefanelli, A. Sinicropi, L. Vesce, M. L. Parisi. Comparative life cycle assessment of different fabrication processes for perovskite solar mini-modules, EPJ Photovoltaics 2024, doi: 10.1051/epjpv/2024014

P. Mariani, M. Á. Molina-García, J. Barichello, M. I. Zappia, E. Magliano, L. A. Castriotta, L. Gabatel, S. B. Thorat, A. E. Del Rio Castillo, F. Drago, E. Leonardi, S. Pescetelli, L. Vesce, F. Di Giacomo, F. Matteocci, A. Agresti,N. De Giorgi, S. Bellani, A. Di Carlo, F. Bonaccorso, Low-temperature strain-free encapsulation for perovskite solar cells and modules passing multifaceted accelerated ageing tests, Nature Communications 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48877-y

M. Forounzandeh, M. Heidariramsheh, H. R. Heydarnezhad, H. Nikbakht, M. Stefanelli, L. Vesce, N. Taghavinia, Enhanced carbon-based back contact electrodes for perovskite solar cells: Effect of carbon paste composition on performance and stability, Carbon 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119450

N. Lago, F. Moretti, N. Tormena, A. Caria, M. Buffolo, C. De Santi, N. Trivellin, A. Cester, G. Meneghesso, E. Zanoni, M. Meneghini, F. Matteocci, J. Barichello, L. Vesce, A. Di Carlo, F. Quartiani, Quality Assessment of Perovskite Solar Cells: An Industrial Point of View, Photonics 2024, doi: 10.3390/photonics11090880

L. Vesce, K. Pandurangan, M. Stefanelli, E. Iannibelli, H. Nikbakht, M. L. Parisi, A. Sinicropi, A. Di Carlo, Fully Printed Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules, 41st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC) 2024, doi: 10.4229/EUPVSEC2024/2DO.8.4

M. Stefanelli, S. Ternes, L. Vesce, M. Balucani, A. Di Carlo, Beyond the Lab-Scale: Perovskite Photovoltaic Fabrication and Industrial Assessment with Automated Slot-Die Coater, 41st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EUPVSEC) 2024, doi: 10.4229/EUPVSEC2024/2CV.3.33